Anti-Infectives

Name
Anti-Infectives

Description
Things like antibiotics
He is a hitman for active infections and body guard for prophylaxis
Lately finds himself less effective for certain infections... MRSA is his worst enemy right now but he still has some tricks up his sleeve to combat it sometimes...

Classes of Drugs

Antibiotics

• Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
  • Penicillins: inhibit transpeptidase
    • -cillin
    • 5 beta-lactam ring
    • (+)
  • Cephalosporins: inhibit transpeptidase
    • 6 beta-lactam ring
    • Starts (+) and becomes more (+ & -) in later generations
  • Bacitracin: inhibits mucopeptides 
• Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
  • 30S
    • Aminoglycosides
      • -mycin
      • (+ & -)
      • Nephrotoxic and Ototoxic
      • SPK
      • Tobra & Gent
        • Tobra good for MRSA
    • Tetracyclines
      • -cycline
      • bacteriostatic
      • cannot be used in children
      • Doxy is the only one taken with food
        • Good for MRSA
  • 50S
    • Chloramphenicol
      • Not used in the US
      • Fatal aplastic anemia
      • (+ & -)
    • Macrolides
      • -mycin
      • azithro for chlamydia (1g)
      • erythromycin for prophylaxis in ophthalmia neonatorum (used to be silver nitrate)
    • Linco and Clindamycin
      • reversibly bind to 50S
      • Clinda good for MRSA 
• DNA Synthesis Inhibitors
  • Sulfonamides: inhibits dihydropteroate synthase
    • Sulfa-
    • bacteriostatic 
    • Can cause Steven Johnson Syndrome 
      • Type IV Hypersensitivity 
  • Trimethoprim: inhibit dihydrofolate reductase 
    • cannot be used in children
    • Good for MRSA
    • bone marrow suppression
  • DNA Gyrase & Topoisomerase Inhibitors
    • Fluoroquinolones
      • (-) then becomes more (+ & -)
      • Generations
        • 2^nd: CO₂
        • 3^rd: 3 Leaf
        • 4^th: BGM
      • Cannot be used in children

Antifungals

• Natamycin, Amphotericin B, Nystatin: bind to ergosteriol and form pores
• Conazoles: inhibit ergosterol synthesis
  • -conazole
  • hepatotoxic
• Griseofulvin: inhibit fungal mitosis via microtubule inhibition

Antivirals

• -cyclovir: inhibit DNA polymerase
  • Valacyclovir is the prodrug for Acyclovir 
• Fosgarnet: inhibit DNA polymerase
  • used as last resort when ganciclovir fails