The magic comes from the magic of the meteor and the crystals inside of it. The rocks are from an unknown planet, not of this universe, and as a result it has unexpected effects on the creatures of this world. As a result, over time, when the meteor spends almost a thousand years buried in the earth, the magic begins to seep into the land. As it combines with Earth's elements, it results in many variations of powers, which get stronger through the generations. This is a list of all canon powers, what they do, their range in intensity, and any additional notes.
Pretty literal, they can throw fire at each other. Even though the powers don't come from inside of them, they can let out smoke from their mouths as a warning for effect, or surround themselves in smoke clouds, effective for both making it harder for an opponent to see you as well as making it harder to breathe, although this can be a detriment to the attacker as well. Stronger fire powers can involve hurling fireballs at things full force, while weaker fire powers are often one flicking sparks at another, or burning them with their paws and mouths. Luckily, while common, it's not often super powerful and most fires can be put out quickly.
Water elementals can simply manipulate water. They can't mess with different forms of water, like air or ice as those are different power categories. Weaker powers have less control over larger amounts of water, and stronger powers can control bigger amounts. In fighting, it can be utilized to put out or block other attacks with wind and fire and such, as water can slow or stop the impact, and more skilled and aggressive attackers can drown their enemies on dry land (although most don't do that, for good reason). It's one of the most common and strongest powers.
Like fire, if they want to breathe frost for effect, they can, even though the power doesn't come from inside. Weaker powers can only form ice with water present and are only useful if nearby rain or a body of water. Stronger powers can sometimes produce it independantly of a water source, and can be extremely dangerous, although stronger powers aren't very common. Snow also applies as ice or a water source, so winter is a particularly bad time to run into one.
They can lift rocks and dirt. Strong powers can cause the ground around them to break and shift, crushing people with rocks or small boulders. weaker powers can effectively fling pebbles, shells and burrs at others. While they can disturb the ground, they cannot break the earth open into a ravine drop animals into an abyss below them (yet?)
Weaker powers can make people loopy or even put them to sleep at their strongest. While strong powers can't kill someone their size on impact, they can effectively kill smaller animals immediately and can kill others over long periods of exposure. However, that puts even themselves at risk, even if they have more resistance, and a poison elemental likely cannot kill another one without going down as well. Strong powers can give headaches, nausea, insomnia or drowsiness, and can make eyes water and nose run depending on the animal's powers and the one being affected. Either way, it certainly makes fighting a lot harder, especially if the toxin is flammable. Their bites are also known to cause rashes.
This one is fairly simple. The weakest powers can cool themselves down with a breeze and help soften their landings. The strongest can use wind currents to 'fly', and can sweep people off their feet and push them in directions.
Darkness is much more abstract and mysterious than the rest. They can control a dark cloud of smoke that can block out the light around the person they're fighting, making it harder to see them and harder to fight. It can instill feelings of hopelessness to those in the fog if they are trapped for too long, and will be motivated not to fight back. It is the only one to take an intentional emotional toll on a target, and is one of the most dangerous. It is, thankfully, the least common.
Unlike earth, nature powers can specifically control plants. They can make them grow rapidly, or move and twist to their will. Stronger powers can go full Poison Ivy, and fight with vines and make plants grow larger than normal. Weaker powers can make things grow, often without controlling it. Sometimes a nature elemental will have a trail of flowers blooming behind them.
Weather is the control of clouds and storms. Weather elementals can make it thunder and rain, and they can darken or clear the sky. Stronger ones can control lightning directly, although weaker ones often can't and can only make it strike at random. They are also unable to control rain or snow directly.
Light is the most effective power against darkness, although it functions much more like a regular power. Light is quite literal, and those with its powers use light as a weapon. This can be bending light from a light source, or in stronger cases, creating it. Some stronger powers can glow for dramatic effect as well. It can be used mainly to distract someone by impairing their vision or sending misdirecting flairs, but it can effectively blind someone, and if combined with fire, it's extremely deadly.
No one is exactly sure why this one exists. It's very rare, extremely passive, and not very easy to use as a weapon. They can draw water from mist or fog in the air and into the ground, as well as in the reverse. They can create mud bubbles that with practice can become big enough to cover them. Stronger powers can pull air from water and mud to breathe underwater.
Common + Uncommon = Uncommon
Common + Rare = Rare
Uncommon + Rare = Rare
Rare + Rare = Canonically Impossible